Harnessing DT for FM
“The first law of digital innovation: Technology changes quickly.
Organizations change much more slowly.”
— George Westerman, Senior Lecturer, MIT
It is easy to think of DT as a technical challenge, for which FM leaders must identify the latest and most remarkable technologies and integrate them into their processes and operations. This perception is wrong. According to Senior Lecturer, MIT Sloan Management School of Business George Westerman, new technologies provide little value unless an organization can develop new capabilities. Therefore, DT is a leadership challenge more than a technical one.[12] Leaders and managers often forget that technology changes quickly, but organizations change much more slowly. [13] Leaders must facilitate organizational transformation as technology doubles in performance every 18 to 24 months, leading to quickly changing community, ecosystem and customer expectations (see figure 3).[14]
The confusion is understandable. Presentations at conferences, online videos and business media often reinforce this perception as they extol new features from the latest technologies developed by fast-moving startups or technological titans like Alphabet (formerly Google), Apple, Meta (previously Facebook), Netflix and more. However, startups and the aforementioned digitally oriented companies do not provide a guiding example for traditional companies and industries, like the FM industry, "that are older, larger and burdened with inflexible legacies."[15]
Figure 3 Technology changes rapidly, boosting community and ecosystems, while organizations change slowly (Source: Martec, Scott Brinker, VP Platform Ecosystems, HubSpot)
Do not despair. Several large companies in traditional industries harness DT to become industry leaders, integrating fast-moving technologies into their organizations. These digital masters provide lessons FMs can adapt to benefit their organizations, help them transform and develop new capabilities on an ongoing basis.
Digital masters possess the leadership drive and “vision to shape a new future, governance and engagement to steer the course, and IT/business relationships to implement technology-based change”[16] again and again. Digital masters also possess a high level of digital intensity. Emboldened by their vision and governance, they use several technology-enabled initiatives to shape customer experiences, operations, employee experiences, business models and digital platforms (see figure 4).
“Digital masters combine a transformative vision, careful governance and engagement with sufficient investment in new opportunities. They combine these elements into a repeatable process, where they can apply technologies to move their organizations in new directions.”
Figure 4 Leadership and digital capabilities separate digital masters from the rest (Source: Westerman, 2022)
“Digital masters combine a transformative vision, careful governance and engagement with sufficient investment in new opportunities. They combine these elements into a repeatable process, where they can apply technologies to move their organizations in new directions.”
Figure 4 Leadership and digital capabilities separate digital masters from the rest (Source: Westerman, 2022)
DIGITAL MASTERS combine a transformative vision, careful governance and engagement with sufficient investment in new opportunities. They combine these elements into a repeatable process, applying technologies to move their organizations in new directions. They spend money, but they generate value from their investments. On average, digital masters generate 9% more revenue through their assets and 26% more profit than their peers.[17] In the FM industry, where profit margins typically hover around 4%, digital masters would generate 5%.
CONSERVATIVES favor prudence over innovation; they avoid risk but also the reward. Conservatives understand the need for a robust unifying vision, strong governance and corporate culture to manage investments well.[18] Their overly cautious approach causes them to miss opportunities others are keen to seize. On average, conservatives generate 10% less revenue through their assets and 9% greater profits than their peers.
FASHIONISTAS are companies that have implemented or experimented with many digital applications. Some create value, but many do not. While applications may look good, fashionistas do not deploy them in ways that unleash synergies. For example, organizations may have one building operating on one FMS or IWFM system while a facility in another location runs on a different platform. While they may be generating interesting site-specific insights, they are not harvesting the full potential an integrated unified solution and view may offer them. Fashionistas spend money but derive suboptimal performance from their investments. Fashionistas generate 6% more revenue through their assets but 11% lower EBIT profits than their peers.
BEGINNERS are firms that do very little with advanced digital capabilities, although they may be mature with more traditional applications. They often lack opportunities or start with small investments without effective transformation management. Digital beginners generate less revenue and have lower margins than their peers. On average, beginners generate 4% less revenue per employee or fixed asset and 24% lower EBIT and net profit margins. While being in this position in 2010 may have been acceptable, this position is no longer tenable in the 2020s. FM leaders in organizations still in the beginner quadrant must help move their organizations into the digital master quadrant to remain relevant.
The language of business is money. Understanding what makes the company work and drives profitability and how FM can help with this agenda will help make you, the facility manager, more successful. IFMA Research hopes that this white paper will inspire companies at the beginning and help those well into their DT journey to take a temperature check and navigate the challenges associated with digital transformation.
There are four areas where you can find opportunities to kickstart your transformation journey (see figure below). Opportunities exist in customer experience, operations, employee experience and the business model. Each of these opportunities rides on the quality of your digital platform, which are preceded by systems and processes. Transforming on inadequate platforms will make the digital transformation journey more difficult. The following section will present these opportunities, starting with customer experience and followed by operations, employee experience and the business model. (Links to in-depth explanations in box titles.)
DIGITAL PLATFORM
Core | Externally facing | Data
Figure 5 The five elements of digital transformation[19]
Figure 5 The five elements of digital transformation[19]
[12] George Westerman (2022) “Mastering new elements of digital transformation for the facility management industry,” IFMA Leading the Digital Transformation Executive Summit.
[13] George Westerman (2022) “Mastering new elements of digital transformation for the facility management industry,” IFMA Leading the Digital Transformation Executive Summit.
[14] George Westerman (2022) “Mastering new elements of digital transformation for the facility management industry,” IFMA Leading the Digital Transformation Executive Summit.
[15] George Westerman et. al. (2017) The Digital Advantage: How digital leaders outperform their peers in every industry.
[16] George Westerman et. al. (2017) The Digital Advantage: How digital leaders outperform their peers in every industry.
[17] Westerman, Bonnet, and McAfee (2021) “Leading Digital: Turning Technology Into Business Transformation.” Harvard Business Review.
[18] The Advantages of Digital Maturity - MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-advantages-of-digital-maturity/
[19] D. Bonnet and G. Westerman, “The new elements of digital transformation” Sloan Management Review, Winter 2021.